Credit reports are not perfect. From reporting jobs you never had to delinquencies you never caused, serious errors could inadvertently creep into your credit report and literally wreak havoc with your personal, professional, and financial life. Millions of individuals are denied credit every year, primarily due to credit related issues. The good news is that a significant percentage of these denials could be easily mitigated by reviewing and correcting credit report errors.
We have prepared some preliminary tips to help you obtain your credit report and also dispute inconsistencies and errors that don’t belong there.
Credit reports, a primer
For those who have never reviewed one, a credit report is a basic fact sheet containing critical information about your transaction history, employment data, address, and personal financial information that is reported to the three major credit bureaus. The report is made available to a wide range of parties, including financial institutions, lenders, employers, and other parties who may want to review your credit history. While there are many versions of your credit report, three major credit bureaus compile and sell this information: Experian, Transunion, and Equifax.
Every time you make a payment (or not), initiate a transaction, receive a new credit line increase — all of that information is organized, documented, and recorded with the major credit bureaus.
The law is on your side
According to The Federal Trade Commission, “The federal Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) promotes the accuracy and privacy of information in the files of the nation’s credit reporting companies.” Under the FCRA, you are entitled to one free credit report every year from all the major bureaus. You can download your report at annualcreditreport.com. FREE!
It is absolutely imperative that you take advantage of the free credit report every year. Not only does it offer you the opportunity to spot and correct factual errors, you can also monitor your report to determine if you have been a victim of identity theft. Why would you want to enrich unscrupulous credit thieves at the cost of your hard-earned credit?
What if you have been a victim of credit report errors?
Even a small error on your credit report could spike interest rates, lead to credit denials, ruin your chances of homeownership, and jeopardize some (though not all) employment opportunities. After reviewing your credit report, if you feel that there is an error in the reporting, please don’t let it pass. Take immediate remedial action.
First, send a dispute letter (for a sample dispute letter visit ftc.gov) to the credit reporting agency and creditor/information provider. Provide copies of supporting documentation and mail your documentation using Certified Mail With Return Receipt.
The agency will initiate an internal investigation and also involve the information provider if necessary.
Generally, the credit reporting agency will review your information and respond within thirty days if your claim has merit. If corrections are initiated, you can ask the agency to send a revised and corrected report to any organization that received the incorrect report.
It is always a good idea to regularly monitor your report and identify and mitigate credit report errors.