Revolving credit line is one of the most common jargons used in the world of financial products. From credit card commercials and pre-approved solicitation letters to online advertisements and personal finance literature, it is impossible to miss revolving credit or revolving credit line. Yet, in an ad hoc survey, we found that over 85% of credit card (and loan) users were not familiar with the term revolving credit, what it signifies, and how it works as far as credit cards are concerned. What’s worse, even borrowers who were using these very products did not know the difference.
In response to our questions, we received either vague, almost impromptu, definitions or strange guesses — revolving credit means credit cards that are rotated on a routine basis sorts — that were accompanied by “not sure” shrugs. No one is going to fail you an exam for not knowing the definition but being aware of the implications of different financial products can certainly help you make more informed choices and choose financial products that will save you more money as opposed to draining your wallet. An added benefit would be the avoidance of nasty surprises in the form of late fees, penalties, and other finance charges that most of us would prefer to avoid.
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So, what exactly does revolving credit mean?
Unlike installment credit (or a term loan), revolving credit does not have pre-defined, iron clad number of payments and fixed period of maturity (or an expiration date). In other words, the borrower is not required to pay fixed installments to repay the loan in full within a fixed duration of time. Although the borrower is free to make good use of her/his credit line, the total available credit fluctuates (increases, decreases, or remains the same) in response to how much the user withdraws, uses, and repays. The actual amount used (as opposed to the total available credit line) determines the monthly payment amount and total interest component.
Furthermore, the borrower is allowed to reuse the amount as many times as desired as long as the total credit line is not exceeded. This flexible nature of borrowing, repaying, and reusing is probably the prime reason where the name revolving credit line comes from.
Another significant feature of revolving credit is that the monthly payment amount is not fixed either. It varies and is pretty much controlled by the borrower (barring mandatory minimum payment requirements). It is true that a minimum payment is recommended and required, but the user can pay more (or as much) at her/his own discretion. This flexibility in payment duration and amount is not available on term loans and these variables are generally determined by iron-clad contracts.
Example: Let us assume User A has a revolving credit line of $2,000. During the month of January, he uses $600 and repays $300, such that during the following billing cycle the actual amount used over the course of the billing cycle is $300. In this case, he will be paying interest only on $300.
With credit cards, borrowers do enjoy a grace period and if a full payment is made within this grace period, interest does not accrue and most of the payment will go toward the principle as opposed to the interest component.
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What is the difference between revolving credit and installment loan (or term loan)?
The main difference between revolving credit and installment (or term) loan is that with revolving credit, the number of payments is not fixed and the borrower is free to borrow, use, pay, and re-borrow up to the total available credit line. Further, the interest rate is charged on the actual amount used, not the total available credit.
With an installment loan, however, this feature is not available and the user is required to make a fixed number of payments at pre-agreed intervals. The amount of payment is fixed as well.
Revolving loans are another product wherein the process works in a similar manner as revolving credit cards, but generally the former have a date of termination which is renewable at the discretion of the lender. Revolving loans are commonly available as revolving loans (for individuals), business loans, refinance loans, rollover loans, and the like.
Businesses prefer the flexibility inherent in revolving loans as it provided much-needed cash flow for operational purposes on an as-needed basis. As such, revolving credit is available for both corporate customers as well as individuals for personal use. A vast majority of small businesses will be using flexible credit lines to finance business activities.
So, what’s the good, bad, and ugly on revolving credit loans (or revolving credit cards)?
Well, the good is obviously that you do have a lot of flexibility in terms of how and how much you use and pay. Also, you are not tied down to a fixed term duration and the credit is available for you perpetually (at least in theory). In reality, however, an expiration date does kick in but it is often renewed automatically — unless, of course, the borrower defaults or causes one of the “red flags” to kick in.
Another benefit of revolving credit is that the user is not required to use the credit for pre-specified purposes that are agreed-upon in the contractual agreement.
The bad and the ugly, on the other hand, arise from the possibility of going overboard on the spending. Further, the interest rate on these credit cards and loans is much higher so the overall amount that will be repaid at the end of the credit period will be very high — much higher than the originally borrowed amount.
Lenders do tend to be very enthusiastic about revolving credit lines as they have more flexibility with credit lines, interest rates, finance charges, and the like. In that respect, the flexibility balance tilts in their favor as well. High interest rates are another factor that could be very lucrative for financial institutions.
As always, read the fine print carefully to ensure you don’t get caught off-guard. If you don’t understand your contract, consult an attorney. If you can’t afford one, there are plenty of non-profit organizations that will assist you with contract interpretation and negotiation.
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